Chloritoid–glaucophane schist in the north Qilian orogen, NW China: phase equilibria and P–T path from garnet zonation

Chloritoid–glaucophane‐bearing rocks are widespread in the high‐pressure belt of the north Qilian orogen, NW China. They are interbedded and cofacial with felsic schists originated from greywackes, mafic garnet blueschists and low‐T eclogites. Two representative chloritoid–glaucophane‐bearing assemblages are chloritoid + glaucophane + garnet + talc + quartz (sample Q5‐49) and chloritoid + glaucophane + garnet + phengite + epidote + quartz (sample Q5‐12). Garnet in sample Q5‐49 is coarse‐, medium‐ and fine‐grained and shows two types of zonation patterns. In pattern I, X_grs is constant as X_py rises, and in pattern II X_grs decreases as X_py rises. Phase equilibrium modelling in the NC(K)MnFMASH system with Thermocalc 3.25 indicates that pattern I can be formed during progressive metamorphism in lawsonite‐stable assemblages, while pattern II zonation can be formed with further heating after lawsonite has been consumed. Garnet growth in Q5‐49 is consistent with a continuous progressive metamorphic process from ～14.5 kbar at 470 °C to ～22.5 kbar at 560 °C. Garnet in sample Q5‐12 develops with pattern I zonation, which is consistent with a progressive metamorphic process from ～21 kbar at 540 °C to ～23.5 kbar at 580 °C with lawsonite present in the whole garnet growth. The latter sample shows the highest P–T conditions of the reported chloritoid–glaucophane‐bearing assemblages. Phase equilibrium calculation in the NCKFMASH system with a recent mixing model of amphibole indicates that chloritoid + glaucophane paragenesis does not have a low‐pressure limit of 18–19 kbar as previously suggested, but has a much larger pressure range from 7–8 to 27–30 kbar, with the low‐pressure part being within the stability field of albite.     

赤魟软骨血管生成抑制因子的分离纯化

确定了制备高纯度赤魟软骨血管生成抑制因子的纯化工艺,并通过胶原酶模型、CAM模型验证其生物学活性。正交实验确定了赤魟软骨组织抽提的最佳条件,抽提产率可达0.84%。丙酮分级沉淀对抽提产物进行粗分离,25~35%的丙酮分级产物的CAM血管生成抑制率达85%。优化离子交换层析、凝胶过滤、反相层析的条件,可进一步有效的获得高纯度的赤魟软骨血管生成抑制因子-I(DCAIF-I)。SDS-PAGE-考马斯亮蓝染色显示为一条带,分子量为62 kDa。活性验证结果表明,DCAIF-I对胶原酶具有一定的抑制活性,抑制率为36.3%,对CAM血管生成的抑制活性具有一定的剂量依赖关系。     

Impacts of soil fauna on litter decomposition at different succession stages of wetland in Sanjiang Plain, China

Litter decomposition is the key process in nutrient recycling and energy flow. The present study examined the impacts of soil fauna on decomposition rates and nutrient fluxes at three succession stages of wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, China using different mesh litterbags. The results show that in each succession stage of wetland, soil fauna can obviously increase litter decomposition rates. The average contribution of whole soil fauna to litter mass loss was 35.35%. The more complex the soil fauna group, the more significant the role of soil fauna. The average loss of three types of litter in the 4mm mesh litterbags was 0.3–4.1 times that in 0.058mm ones. The decomposition function of soil fauna to litter mass changed with the wetland succession. The average contribution of soil fauna to litter loss firstly decreased from 34.96% (Carex lasiocapa) to 32.94% (Carex meyeriana), then increased to 38.16% (Calamagrostics angustifolia). The contributions of soil fauna to litter decomposition rates vary according to the litter substrata, soil fauna communities and seasons. Significant effects were respectively found in August and July on C. angustifolia and C. lasiocapa, while in June and August on C. meyeriana. Total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and the C/N and C/P ratios of decaying litter can be influenced by soil fauna. At different wetland succession stages, the effects of soil fauna on nutrient elements also differ greatly, which shows the significant difference of influencing element types and degrees. Soil fauna communities strongly influenced the TC and TP concentrations of C. meyeriana litter, and TP content of C. lasiocapa. Our results indicate that soil fauna have important effects on litter decomposition and this influence will vary with the wetland succession and seasonal variation. Foundation item: Under the auspices of State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (No. 2009CB421103), Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40830535/D0101), Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-BR-16, KSCX2-YW-N-46-06)     

大气能见度研究

回顾总结了国内外有关大气能见度的理论研究、仪器观测和数值模拟方面取得的成果;介绍大气能见度研究的基本理论、消光系数的概念及计算方法;总结了几种白天大气能见度探测仪的使用原理及优缺点;介绍测量夜间大气能见度和数字摄像法探测大气能见度的方法;并着重介绍4种计算与雾有关的大气能见度的经验公式,基于2004年4月11日黄海海雾个例的RAMS模式数值模拟结果,采用4种方法分别计算了大气能见度的分布并进行了比较。总结出大气能见度研究中存在的问题和今后研究的主要方向,并针对其中仍然存在的问题提出一些建议。     

膨胀石墨吸附重油的热力学研究

研究膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的吸附热力学行为.结果表明:在293～308 K,含油量为2.172～18.11 mg·dm-3实验浓度范围内,膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的吸附是放热过程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程.根据热力学函数关系计算出膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的标准吸附焓变为-39.49 kJ·mol-1,标准吉布斯自由能变为-22.40～-23.50 kJ·mol-1,说明吸附过程可自发进行.     

TerraSAR-X影像直接地理定位方法研究

开展高精度直接定位算法研究对促进SAR影像的广泛应用具有重要意义。针对新型高分辨率雷达卫星TerraSAR-X影像,在无任何地面控制支持下采用距离多普勒构像模型及地球物理模型,通过线性化及最小二乘平差原理迭代求解目标点的位置矢量,并利用影像元数据文件中提供的影像四个角点和中心点的地理坐标作为控制点,消除定位结果中存在的系统误差。在利用陕西宝鸡地区的TerraSAR-X影像试验中,将其定位结果与当地1∶1万地形图上选取的控制点进行比较,获得的平均平面定位精度约±63m左右,表明该算法合理可行,具有一定的实用性。     

基于基础地理信息数据库的制图设计与实现

辽宁省测绘局于2007年开始正式启动辽宁省基础地理信息数据库建设工程,该建设工程的目标之一是实现了图库一体化功能.本文详细介绍了基于辽宁省基础地理信息数据库的制图设计与实现.     

大地水准而短议

介绍了大地水准面的定义,简单回顾了计算大地水准面研究的进展,扼要介绍了Stokes-Helmert方法,以及它对付不精确知道岩石密度的妙处,还评论了向下延拓的意义,最后展望了大地边值问题研究的前景.     

特殊情况下深基坑围护测斜及变形浅析

结合工程实例具体阐述当测斜管不能正常使用情况下运用全站仪代替测斜仪进行深基坑围护结构的倾斜测量,同时运用岩土工程相关知识对所得监测数据表现的变形及突变原因作了深入分析,获得了预期的安全监测成果,确保了深基坑工程的顺利实施。为今后类似情况的处理提供借鉴。     

海量海洋地图数据的分布式体系研究

针对目前架设海量海洋数据服务的主要方式优缺点，结合海洋数据的海量特点，提出需要解决的关键问题，具体阐述了海量海洋地图数据服务系统的双分布式架构的各个方面，介绍分布式服务系统的性能测试方案，分析了性能测试结果，最后给出了结论。